“To the heaven of heavens” (Nestan Sulava, Georgian Hymnography of XII-XIII Centuries, Tbilisi, 2000)

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Author	King (Queen) Tamar
Epoch	1172-1213 (XII-XIII)
Work	“To the heaven of heavens” (Nestan Sulava, Georgian Hymnography of XII-XIII Centuries, Tbilisi, 2000)
Type	Poetry
Quote	“I Tamar, the earth to you and (turned into earth) by you, Worthy of your blessing In Eden, Ghadir, South or North”
Term	Ghadir

Nike. Vani. II-I BC, Bronze, 22 x19 cm. The Georgian National Museum.

Comment	In Pavle Ingorokhva’s opinion: “Eden can be understood as the Easternmost edge of the World; and “Ghadir” or “Pillars of Hercules” – the Westernmost edge” (P. Ingorokhva, Old Georgian Ecclesiastic Poetry, Tiflisi, 1913). Revaz Siradze notes that: “Eden and Ghadir is the same type of opposition as the South and the North” (R. Siradze: “In the Heaven of Heavens” /Iambic of Queen Tamar/, Literary Georgia, 1993, 14 May. In the dictionary by Ilia Abuadze Ghadir is defined as Hades (The ancient editorships for Basil of Caesarea “For Six Days” and Gregory of Nyssa’s “For the Bodily Constitution of a Man”, edited by Ilia Abuladze, Tbilisi, 1964). Liana Kvirikashvili considers Ghadir as a metaphor for the “limit of human abilities” (The Reader of Byzantine Literature, III, edited by L. Kvirikashvili, 1996, pg. 214) Sulkhan-Saba-Orbeliani and Vakhushti Batonishvili perceive Ghadir as a concrete geographical place” (Sulkhan-Saba-Orbeliani, Georgian Dictionary, Book II, Tbilisi, 1968). In the definition of Giorgi Alibegashvili “Ghadir” is the symbolic name of the West (G. Alibegashvili, Geographic Parts in Bible., “Literature and Art”, 1993, N1. Pg. 12”

Comment

In Pavle Ingorokhva’s opinion: “Eden can be understood as the Easternmost edge of the World; and “Ghadir” or “Pillars of Hercules” – the Westernmost edge” (P. Ingorokhva, Old Georgian Ecclesiastic Poetry, Tiflisi, 1913).

Revaz Siradze notes that: “Eden and Ghadir is the same type of opposition as the South and the North” (R. Siradze: “In the Heaven of Heavens” /Iambic of Queen Tamar/, Literary Georgia, 1993, 14 May.

In the dictionary by Ilia Abuadze Ghadir is defined as Hades (The ancient editorships for Basil of Caesarea “For Six Days” and Gregory of Nyssa’s “For the Bodily Constitution of a Man”, edited by Ilia Abuladze, Tbilisi, 1964).

Liana Kvirikashvili considers Ghadir as a metaphor for the “limit of human abilities” (The Reader of Byzantine Literature, III, edited by L. Kvirikashvili, 1996, pg. 214)

Sulkhan-Saba-Orbeliani and Vakhushti Batonishvili perceive Ghadir as a concrete geographical place” (Sulkhan-Saba-Orbeliani, Georgian Dictionary, Book II, Tbilisi, 1968).

In the definition of Giorgi Alibegashvili “Ghadir” is the symbolic name of the West (G. Alibegashvili, Geographic Parts in Bible., “Literature and Art”, 1993, N1. Pg. 12”

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